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Saturday, March 3, 2012

Java history

Java is an island in Indonesia with 136 million inhabitants, this island is the most densely populated islands in the world and is one of the most densely populated regions in the world. The island is inhabited by 60% of the population of Indonesia. capital city of Indonesia, Jakarta , is located in western Java. Many Indonesia's history took place on the island. Java used to be a center of some royal Hindu - Buddha , the empire of Islam , the colonial Dutch East Indies , as well as the center of Indonesia's independence movement . The island is very big impact on social life, politics, and economy of Indonesia.


Java island is largely formed from volcanic activity, is the thirteenth largest island in the world , and the fifth largest in Indonesia. A row of volcanoes forming ranges running from east to west of the island. There are three main languages ​​on the island, but the majority of the population uses the Java language . Java language is the mother tongue of 60 million population of Indonesia, and most of the speakers dwelt on the island of Java. Most residents are bilingual , which had Indonesian well as the first or second language. Most of the inhabitants of Java are Muslim , but there are diverse religions, beliefs, religion, ethnic group, and culture on this island.


The island is administratively divided into four provinces, namely West Java , Central Java , East Java , and Banten ; as well as two specific areas, namely Jakarta and Yogyakarta

Etymology

The origin of the name 'Java' is not clear. One possibility is that the name is derived from plants of the island of Java-wut , which are found on the island in ancient times, before the advent of Indian influence of this island may have many names. [1] There were also allegations that the island is derived from the word meaning Jaú "far". [2] In Sanskrit means yava crops of barley , a plant that made ​​the island famous. [2] Yawadvipa mentioned in the epic Indian Ramayana . Sugriva , commander Vanara (ape man) from the forces of Sri Rama , sent their representatives Yawadvipa (Java) to find Dewi Shinta . [3] Then on the basis of literary India especially Tamil literature, known by the Sanskrit name yāvaka dvīpa (dvīpa = island). Another allegation is that the word "Java" is derived from the root word in Proto-Austronesian languages, which means 'house
History


Fossil remains of Homo erectus , popularly nicknamed "The Java Man ​​", found along the banks of Solo River , and the relics are from the 1.7 million years ago. [5] The site Sangiran is an important prehistoric sites in Java. Some structures megalithic have been found in Java, such as menhir , dolmen , stone table, and the pyramid staircase , commonly called berundak punden. Punden terraces and menhirs found in megalithic sites in Paguyangan, Cisolok, and Gunung Padang, West Java . Cipari megalithic sites are also found in West Java showing the structure of the monolith, a stone terrace, and sarcophagi . [6] punden staircase is considered to be the original strukstur archipelago and is the basic design of the building of the temple in the days of Hindu-Buddhist kingdom of the archipelago after local residents received the influence of Hindu civilization -Buddha from India. At the 4th century BC to the 1st century or the M-5 Culture Buni is a clay pottery culture growing on the north coast of West Java. Culture protosejarah is a royal predecessors Tarumanagara .

Java island is very fertile and high rainfall allows the development of rice cultivation in the wetlands, thus encouraging the formation of village level cooperation is increasingly complex. Of village alliances, grew a small kingdoms. Range of volcanic mountains and the highlands surrounding the stretches along the island of Java causing the interior regions of this island and its people are relatively separated from outside influences. [7] In the period before the development of Islamic countries and the arrival of European colonialism, the river- The main rivers are the nexus of society, although most of the short homage to the river in Java. Only the Brantas River and Solo can be a means of connecting long-distance, so that the river valleys, forming the center of great empires.

Estimated a transport system which consists of a network of roads, permanent bridges, and post excise levies on Java island has been formed at least in the mid-17th century. The local authorities have the power over these routes, the monsoon rains can also interfere with the trip, and so did the use of the roads are very dependent on constant maintenance. It could be said that the nexus between the inhabitants of the island of Java at that time is difficult.

courtesy : wikipedia
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